Terrorist Attacks and Risk Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Terrorist Attacks and Risk Assessment - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that as much as terror attacks instill fear, the terrorist does so to get the target government to respond to their demands. Over the last decade, this strategy has worked in favor of the terrorist regardless the efforts by most governments in eradicating terrorism, elevating the risk and probabilities of terror attacks in future. The uncertainty surrounding risks of terror attacks is indisputable, making risk assessment very difficult. In the U.S., Homeland Security is the body tasked with the responsibility of assessing the risk of terror attacks. Homeland Security has formulated a model that analyses the risk of attack from three perspectives; the threat posed, vulnerability to attacks and the consequences of an attack. It has also categorized the risk into either asset-based or geographically based attacks. These developments by Homeland Security have helped in enhancing preparedness, ability to protect or respond to terror attacks. In conclusion, the current risk assessment is not good enough for any government to assure its people protection from terror attacks.

Fighter Jets Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fighter Jets - Speech or Presentation Example The role of the air force could be divided into the following tasks: interdiction, close support, bombing, reconnaissance and air superiority. Interdiction is the task in which the air force intercepts an aerial target as it is moving towards its destined objective. Close support means the air force will provide lead aerial fire support against opposing ground or sea targets. Reconnaissance is the observation and gathering of enemy presence and movement from a safe distance. Air superiority is the task of securing the airspace of a battle-zone to ensure control of aerial advantages. In the case of air superiority, victory lies in the side that have the better skills and an even a near equal measure of equipment. The only way of getting rid of opposing air superiority is by either having the better pilots and planes, or by having the ground forces have a superior anti-air defense system and weaponry. Fighter jets could make use of either auto-cannons or different kinds of missiles to destroy aerial targets. Auto-cannons are used when aerial combat has become a close ranged dogfight. Missiles are used differently, depending on its kind and size. Some missiles are heat-seeking types which home into any heat signature found in the radar sight. Radar-guided missiles are missiles that are guided to a target based on the direction the radar bore-sight is aimed on. In combat, pilots of fighter jets would either have to maneuver their way from getting shot down, or make use of different countermeasures like flares, chaff or jamming systems, to avert any enemy weapons from hitting them. It should be remembered that the introduction of jet aircrafts, despite being a scientific and engineering endeavor, is a co-related to the arms race of military powers in gaining advantages of air power and superiority. During the First World War, the concept of air warfare was born and put into its early stages of application. While most critics in the military circles that time express ed that aircrafts in warfare will just be relegated to a purely reconnaissance role, a handful of visionary and forward thinking military officers and theorists saw the great potential of aircraft in more combative roles in future wars to come. The latter among the two sides were very much correct. Come the Second World War, the world’s powerful military nations already developed a formal and fundamental doctrine for their air forces. It became apparent to military leaders in the world’s leading nations that control of the air would limit the role of enemy ground and maritime forces since aircrafts literally have the sky as the limits unlike the armies and navies. Germany and Russia developed their air force doctrine to play a close combat support in tandem with their ground forces with respect to combined arms tactics and strategy. The British pursued a more active air superiority and defense role for its aircraft, while developing long range strategic bombing strateg ies with the Americans later on. The Americans and Japanese developed the basis for naval aviation as they produced aircrafts designed to operate on naval aircraft carriers. As the war dragged on, Germany’s air force also developed into air superiority roles as they switched into a more defensive strategy. As the war prolonged during the Second World War, the nations at war would pour a great deal of effort in trying to get the advantage over their adversary by

Ball Playing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ball Playing - Research Paper Example Girls usually played at home, in a room or in an inner courtyard. Therefore, they had to play rather calmly. Boys played ball sports as part of their physical education in the gymnasium. The most popular kind of ball was a soft, filled, small ball but also bouncing balls existed. In ancient Rome, several obscure references exist that suggest children and adults played a game with a ball around a circle. Furthermore, there are mentions of Romans playing a ball game in which there were â€Å"a circle of players standing by and waiting.† Greek children played a game in a circle in which they caught a ball that was thrown or bounced â€Å"into the sky†. This may or may not have been the same game called â€Å"Hop-ball† by the Romans. It may also be one of the ancient Egyptian games represented on the walls of Beni-Hasssan. (Crowther, 22) The Spartans played a game that involved a circular field surrounded by a moat, called Platanistas, but apparently without a ball. The Greek game of Phainindia may have been played around a circle (Crowther, 24). A version of â€Å"Monkey i n the Middle† was played around a circle, unlike the modern version played across two sides. Clearly the geometric perfection of the circle had some influence on playing fields of ancient games, whereas in modern games only rectangles are employed. The game called ourania, also known as sky-ball, by the Greeks was likely also played by the Romans. According to research, the ball was thrown up in the air and the objective was for the players to catch it. In addition, there would be a circle within which the players would stand. However, if the ball came down within the circle it seems impossible for anyone not to catch it. Conversely, if the ball was thrown far outside the circle it would seem impossible that anyone could catch it at all. A thrown ball seems most improbable. Latin term for propelling a ball, expulsim, could apply

Investigate the possible implications of inclusivity and exclusivity Essay

Investigate the possible implications of inclusivity and exclusivity of ICT within UK schools - Essay Example l Communications and Technology Agency)1 that have researched this issue of impacts of ICT in schools within the United Kingdom in the last two decades. Their study-ImpaCT1 and ImpaCT2 had analysed the statistical relationship between ICT use and education standards, pupil’s performances and in different ages and subjects UK being a developed country, the use of ICT has been very much advanced and most of the schools are now applying ICT in most of their learning practices. Focus has shifted from learning about ICT to learning through ICT. It is widely accepted that ICT has the following benefits as seen from studies here in the UK. At present, students are developing skills on range of technologies that have in the past made little impacts on the schools. There are several strategies that are being used to incorporate them into educational experiences of these pupils. (Garnham, 2000). An example of such technologies in the UK and other developed countries is the use of mobile phones to compile when students are away from home and with some modifications can be used as personal response systems. In the UK radio broadcast are day to day learning procedures not only in the junior levels but also at the university level. BBC broadcast is usually the favourite for most schools since it is being seen as the best media house with proper research structures. Such school radio programs as ‘Who wants to be a Millionaire?’ broadcasts directly to an MP3 which store the information immediately to be retrieved later by the user. Recent studies have looked at how interactive whiteboards influences learning and teaching processes in schools. It suggests that whiteboards offer visual display that go in line with the explanations offered by the teacher thus helps students to understand better. It further explains that it has a motivational effect especially when used at the primary school level. ICT technicians are the most useful people in the information society and

Jackson Pollock as an artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jackson Pollock as an artist - Essay Example Jackson Pollock introduced a new metamorphism in the post world war two era of art because he came up with new diversification of abstract art and figurative imagery. Apparently he introduced the new concept of abstract art in which concepts of â€Å"pour† painting were introduced. As an artist he revolutionized the field of art in America due to his unique style of painting in whole body was involved. As an artist there are two phases of him in which he transformed. Firstly he was staunch advocate of representational art working like that of Picasso and his role models were mural artworks of Mexican artist but then his life took a new turn when he married a famous artist named Krasner.After marriage his thought process evolved and he worked in a new domain known as â€Å"drip painting†. Drip painting involved using of the most unconventional forms of art ever practiced. IT was later known as action painting. Jackson used to pour the paint on the canvas and let the drip pings freeze so that they can give a good look on the canvas. Literally everything could be used as brush from a simple lipstick to a hardened brush from a tree. Jackson Pollock eventually became characterized by this technique and used it at maximum optimal usage. It is because of Jackson Pollock that world of art saw the alluring forms of adroitness like sand painting and under- painting. Using of gestures, which was later became a proper field in art deployed the concept of â€Å"gestural lines† through which all the mess of three views, foreground, background and side view was vanished. Jackson said that the lines should be used in such a way the viscosity of the fluid can be used optimally. He also started a new technique in the design process which used painting the canvas horizontally rather than vertically in order to save the paint and color combinations. Jackson Pollock really did great services to art because of his ideas, people started to perceive the canvas as a workspace where they can actually â€Å"perform† some art at run time rather than just sticking to the conventional ways to follow and draw a design. Jackson Pollock was later on appreciated by many gurus of art and he is regarded as pioneer of â€Å"action painting† in the modern era. Jackson Pollock in his personal life As a man in his personal life, he can be regarded as a person exceptionally volatile. Because of his early tough life and childhood, he could never get a chance to actually settle to a routine or idea. He is said to be drunk excessively, cruise and agile personality. Drinking became the main cause of his accidental death later on and this great legend of art was no more with us to draw his talent on the canvas. â€Å"I am Nature† Jackson Pollock just used to entwine nature in his art works. Once he said to an artist on a reaction to a demand which said to work more outside the nature, â€Å"I am nature†. The meaning of this quote can be easily seen by having few glimpses of his canvas. He just used to dwell in the art work and â€Å"drip† the paint, swayed his body all around and made maximum use of nature to express what was inside him. Using of tree brushes, syringes to paint, and leaves to depict is a sign that point towards an ideology, which later on made some standards in the modern American field of art. Jackson Pollock was of the view that art work should be such painted that it does not need explanations, technical faults, unnecessary details rather the viewer can only admire the allure of the scene just like he does when he sees a bed of roses. The captivating beauty of abstract art and action painting by Jackson Pollock approves this thesis if we just have a bird’s eye view of such of his masterpieces. Pensive feathers, animal dancing, springs of long island are examples of his love for nature. Quote There are numerous and ample quotes of Jackson Pollock about abstract art because this was his primary field of interest. Choice is difficult to make among so many astute quotes but one

Consider Two Contrasting Characters In The Play Essay Example for Free

Consider Two Contrasting Characters In The Play Essay Consider two contrasting characters in the play. How does the playwright convey their personalities and their attitudes to the situation in which they find themselves? The playwright of The Long, the Short and the Tall is Willis Hall and he wrote it in 1959. The play is set in the Malaysian jungle in 1942 during the Second World War. It is about a British scout patrol, which is caught in the unexpected Japanese advance down the Malaysian peninsula. It deals with men from all over Britain, from different backgrounds and cultures, and their relationships with each other. The main issue though, is whether the men are able to kill another human being. It shows their reactions in tense and almost unreal situations. World War Two lasted from 1939 to 1945. It was fought in two places; in Europe against Germany and in the Pacific against Japan. Britain and the USA started fighting against Japan because Japan bombed Pearl Harbour in December 1941, which had docked a whole fleet of American war ships. The British and the Americans didnt expect the Japanese to attack, so they were not able to defend themselves. From here Japan continued to expand into other countries. They quickly conquered South-East Asia. The next thing the Japanese did was to invade Singapore in Malaysia. Again the British were completely unprepared for the attack. All Singapores defences were facing into the sea, never expecting or believing that anybody would come down the peninsula, through the jungle, but this is exactly what the Japanese did. Because no one in Singapore believed that they would be attacked from the land side, all the defences were on the ocean side, to protect against a marine attack. The Japanese were so successful because they had had better training in jungle warfare. They wore light clothing, had light ammunition and made use of bicycles for transport. This meant that they could travel great distances in a relatively short time. There wasnt much hope for the British soldiers, who had little or no training in jungle warfare, they had heavy clothing and ammunition and no suitable transport. Morale in the British army was very low. Most of the soldiers were conscripts who were very cynical about the ability of the generals of the army to direct the army in the right away and also because of the lack of proper training and equipment. This can be seen in the play in the way the characters talk of the radio not working. Damn duff equipment is how Johnstone describes the radio. To the British conscripts the Japanese army seemed invincible, with their incredibly patriotic soldiers who were prepared to die rather than surrender. The Japanese believed in the motto Death before dishonour. They seemed a completely fearless army because of this, which didnt do the morale of the British soldiers much good. The two contrasting characters I have chosen to look at are Bamforth and Johnstone. I have chosen Bamforth because his character changes a great deal throughout the play and his point of view moves to a different angle and I have chosen Johnstone because his character is one of the few ones, which doesnt change much throughout the play. Private C. Bamforth is a conscript into the British army and has been posted over to the Far East to help fight the Japanese. He is from London and is in the lowest possible rank in the army. His position is completely different from Johnstones. His full title is Corporal E. Johnstone. He is two above Bamforth in ranks and is part of the regular army and is not conscripted. This means that is attitude to the army is different. His attitude is much less cynical and he respects authority more, in terms of Mitchem. He is cynical in one part of the play where he becomes exasperated when the radio wont work. Damn duff equipment. The whole damn issues duff. But overall he is much less cynical of the British armys capabilities. On the other side Bamforth is very cynical of the British army in the way he speaks of it. He apparently quotes one of the Generals, Bammo, my old son, the British armys in a desperate situation. The yellow perils about to descend on us Here he is joking about the state of the British army, but he obviously believes it, otherwise he wouldnt be saying it and it wouldnt be funny. Also he makes clear that he isnt prepared to be a hero, I wasnt meant to be a hero he states it clearly and decisively, which shows that he has no doubts about it. Bamforth enjoys making fun of others especially people who cant defend themselves very well like Whitaker and people who are of a certain area such as Wales or Scotland. He tends to generalise about people of a certain area and call them derogatory names. You Scotch haggis!, you Cardiff creep, Youre an ignorant Welsh Taff! He is a really unpleasant character in the beginning and obviously resents authrority; Nit is what he says under his breath at Johnstone. Johnstone is also unpleasant in the way he threatens Bamforth, but as the person watching the play, with no knowledge of how Bamforths character will change, I found that I sympathised with Johnstone and felt glad that he was giving Bamforth what he deserved. Their initial reaction was also very similar, as it was Johnstone who grabbed the prisoner and ordered one of the other men to kill him with their bayonet and Bamforth was the only other soldier who felt able to kill him. He regarded the Japanese soldier as only as important as an animal. Its only the same as carving up a pig. The prisoner was very low in his opinion Johnstone has very little contact with the prisoner; he only has direct contact with the prisoner when he has the argument with Bamforth over whether the prisoner should be allowed any cigarettes. He obviously has strong opinions on what should happen to the prisoner; he thinks it is a bad decision of Mitchems to take the prisoner back as it is too risky. He tries to argue with Mitchem that they should kill the prisoner right then, before it all got out of hand. Get rid of him. Right now Strangely enough, it is Bamforth who befriends the prisoner and talks to him and joke with him. He even begins to regard the prisoner as almost human. Hes almost human this one is!. His opinion of the prisoner has risen from that of animal to almost human. This is because the prisoner showed him his photos of his family. He indicates that he also has a baby, this is probably why Bamforth begins to regard him with more respect. Next Bamforth offers the prisoner a cigarette, but Johnstone knocks the prisoners from his mouth. At once Bamforth demands an explanation from Johnstone. Here he is clearly defending the prisoners rights, but also I think that he argues with Johnstone just because he did something that infringed his rights. Later on when the argument about the prisoners cigarette case begins, the playwright cleverly makes Bamforth leave so that the argument can progress without anyone coming to the prisoners defence. When Bamforth returns the argument reaches a climax; he immediately comes to the prisoners defence. He defends him verbally and helps the prisoner. He tells the others that he gave the prisoner the cigarettes. This may not have been true and I dont think that Johnstone really believed him. He is the one who asks to look at the case before it is returned to the prisoner and he starts another argument about the case. This time Bamforth does not claim to have given it to him, but turns the story back on Johnstone by making Whitaker tell the others how he has a locker full of Japanese souvenirs. He defends the prisoner all the way. This is sign that he has become really attached to the prisoner. By the end when they have to decide whether to kill the prisoner or not, Bamforth has become very attached to the prisoner. He physically stands in-between the prisoner and Johnstone, as can be seen from the stage directions. This is a clear piece of proof that he is now prepared physically protect the prisoner not just argue for him. Its him and me. This shows that he is saying that if they want to kill the prisoner, they will have to kill him too. Also he now expresses freely that he regard the prisoner highly. Hes a man, showing that the prisoner has earned a lot of Bamforths respect. Johnstone on the other hand is the one who is trying to kill the prisoner. Johnstone still thinks they should kill the prisoner and his opinion of him has not risen either, Its a bloody nip From this we can see that he regards him as really low because he says it instead of he and uses the derogatory term of bloody nip. He orders Bamforth out of the way, but he will not move and appeals to each of the men in turn to help him. But each one turns him down, he appeals to Macleish last of all, probably hoping that at least he was going to help him because his brother could be a POW too. But even he does not help Bamforth. He is obviously desperate because he turns to sheer pettiness when each of the men turn him down. I hope they carve your brother up. Get that? I hope they carve your bloody brother up! In the end the decision is made for them as Whitaker shoots the prisoner as he rises, during the fight between Bamforth and Johnstone. The play offers no obvious answers to who was right or what they should have done. It was quite ironic how it is Johnstone left alive at the end who surrenders because it is was he who was prepared to kill their POW, having said this he did not have much choice in the matter. Personally I really dont know what they should have done because it was such a hard decision, but if I had to make a decision I would probably have tried to take the prisoner back to camp rather than hanging around arguing about it. If they had done that they might have had a chance of getting back alive, but as it was they had no hope. With the benefit of hindsight, I can see that Johnstone was right, when he said that they should kill the prisoner in the beginning, when none of them were attached to the prisoner and there would have been no problem. However I dont think I would be able to kill someone in that situation even if I was ordered to.

Professional Boundaries in Nursing

Professional Boundaries in Nursing The scope of work of Assistant Medical Officer is very clearly governed by the Board of Medical Assistants which was comes under the preview formed under Malaysian Medical Assistant Act (Act 180), AMO takes the oath of Medical Assistant Code of conduct which serves as an ethical guide map to morally binds steer AMO to its rules and responsibilities. It is therefore the responsibility and morale duty of every Assistant Medical Officer to uphold the medical ethics with professionalism and honor. At no other circumstances AMO are allowed to carry out other work outside the specified prescribed boundaries. However in reality AMO in my clinical set up does lots of duties actually falls under the scope of other professional such as doctor, psychology counselor and dietitian. While it feels good that as an AMO, we can perform many works normally done by other professions however it is not without possible legal implications. Boundaries are an imaginary line that separates the duties of a pa rticular professional from the others. Boundary is the ability to know where one ends and where another person begins. Professional boundaries are important because they define the limits and responsibilities of the professional with whom we interact in the workplace. When workplace boundaries are clearly defined, the organization can function more efficiently because redundant work assignments are eliminated.improve this rational it is because health professional have specilised skills and high quality pt care is a collaboration of skills the optimum benefit of the pt outcome. When everyone in an organization is made aware who is responsible for what, healthier workplace environments are created. Crossing borders No professionalism by AMO No collective power Criss crossing of professional boundaries is the norms of today s chores especially working in Haemodialysis Centre .AMO in Haemodialysis Centre especially in my state is working under a great stress. duress and precarious role. Currently, AMo provide care for 000 dialysis care pt over 19 centre through the state requiring close mentoring and care. In Haemodialysis lots of duties specify critical procedures e.g performed by AMO are not legally sanctioned covered under MA act. These porecedures are carried out on the instructions of Renal specialist who by hirechrichal position of power who acts like Kings control the strings where AMO forced to puppet without questions. Being in this precarious position, AMO professional are extremely vulnerable, as if everything goes well, we will get just get condescending a pat at the back, but when something goes wrong support strings are quickly cut and one get ostracized for breach of professional boundaries. Officers nowadays in Haemodilysis centres are not only to ensure that patients comes for three times dialysis treatment, patients gets adequate dialysis treatment but also to carry out mentorship, the staff as a mentor and the patients as the mentee. Through this the Renal doctors expects nurses and AMO to functions as mini-doctors, i.e the mentor are to know the day to day medical conditions, nutritional conditions, medications and blood parameters of their patients. They are expected to know how to make adjustment to tritrate patients medications and dialysis treatment and also to make referral to renal specialist when necessary as there is no. The ironiny is there is no Renal specialist /doctors through the 18 other rural regionla dialysis centres but a total 12 specilaist conviently stationed in urban hospital in the state`s city. Failure of the mentor to make proper mentorship and care of their patients, the mentor will be scolded admonlished by the doctors and if the mentor dis agree question their role with this ruling, they will be asked to leave of the Haemodialysis Centre. Thus a profession dictated by others without voice of empowerment over a long term cannot mature professionally (RRRRR) and it is for this reason that I have chosen this topic to explore and expose the various flaw, the impact and the possible remedy to our health care system. Lain lain u buat sendirilah Nowadays the public or consumers are more knowledgeable, educated and know their rights, medical knowledge can now be easily accessed right at the comforts of their home via internet and as a results any wrong practices will be subject the AMO and nurses to litigations. It is therefore no surprising that patients are more knowledgeable, than the nurses. As a result they have a higher expectation to receive a good quality of health care and thus push the AMO and Nurses to a stressful situation. Although the AMO and Nurses are capable performing the job but with thoughts of professionalism hanging on their heads they feel that patients are not getting the best professional treatment. Though AMO tried everything possible in order to meet the demand of the patient, but sometime patient are not satisfied as they prefer doctors to AMO/Nurses in terms of prescribing medications and blood test and hence AMO and nurses continue to be yelled. (Vondras et al, 2004).These things make the AMO fee l uneasy as at one point they want to be obedient subordinates but at the same time feel that unprofessionalism is practice. And so the AMO/Nurses works about like headless chicken doing their work without much thinking. I feel that Innocent Nurses and AMO are the most vulnerable groups in the medical professions as they can be force by their superior to carry out jobs which is not in their list of jobs descriptions .However in the last line of the list of jobs descriptions, it states that, to carry out orders or instructions as ordered by a higher authority from time to time . I personally feel that this statement has been long abused by higher authorities such as doctors as this controversial statement is deemed to be a license for doctors and higher authorities to compel the nurses and Assistant Medical Officer to carry out clinical or non clinical activities. Somehow the order of carrying out a mini-doctors job which is a vertical substitution with controversial permissions, are reluctantly carried out by the Nurses and AMO because of the unavailability of Renal specialized doctors and moreover if they dont do the job then the patient will suffer and may even cost the patient life. The mentors wh ich is working under stressed however carry out their jobs minus their heart and with frustrations and they may eventually burnt out, Curci, Linda. (2004) Therefore the Associations of Dialysis for Medical Assistant and Nurses (ADMAN) must stand up and issue a strong collective voice to protects the AMO/Nurses from this continuous exploitations. .However the more important questions is, are the nurses or AMO adequately protected from the law when carrying out certain task which may be a risky procedure and may have a medico-legal implications? The Medical Assistant Board has underline codes of Ethics and professional conduct of AMO which must be observed by all Assistant Medical Officer As not all AMO task are specified, I wonder if the ministry of health will go all the way to protect her staff in the case of law suits. The experience faced by AMO and Nurses is therefore akin to force labor. This abuse is therefore professionally wrong as it lays the major platform of destroying the medical support industry. As a protective strategy in the medical profession, doctors have given the nurses low regard therefore making them to have low self esteem towards their profession and assume subordinate perspectives (Fritz, 2008, p. 82) However jobs which are not listed in the main AMO jobs descriptions are Credentialed and privileged. It is therefore important that all terms and conditions of the process of credentialing and privileging must be observed and documented in order to comply the requirement of credentialing and privileging. How To Document on Credentialing and Privileging Applications. Available at : http://www.ashp.org/s_ashp/docs/files/SCSS_HowtoCredPrivdoc.pdf accessed 30 September 2010 . While credentialing is the process of obtaining, verifying and assessing the qualifications of a healthcare practitioner and to provide patient care services privileging is the process used to identify, document, and approve the specific procedures and treatments that may be performed in a specific setting. Privileges are granted based on the findings of the credentialing function and should only be granted for services that are currently offered by the hospital. Available at : http://knol.google.com/k/kathy-matzka/credentialing-and-privileging/3ep8m4hgro5l7/1# accessed 30 September 2010. The noble mission of ministry of health Malaysia is to lead and inspire through excellence in medical device regulatory system., to influence change and forge partnership that ensure public health and safety, to ensure that only high quality, effective and safe medical devices are available in Malaysia, to encourage and support the innovation and development of technology in medical device industry.( Medical Device Bureau Ministry of Health, Malaysia ). And in Nursing, professional boundaries simply means to establish the immediate legislations and requirements that differentiate the nurses and doctors scope of works (Ruth Constance ,2008, p. 39). Nursing profession is born out of ethics and desire to ensure that high levels of purity and integrity of life is observed (Barbara Lynn, 2008, p. 109). When there is lack of clear definition of specific boundaries in terms of specialization, the doctors are considered to have more impact in treatment of the patients than the nurses (Anne, 2008, p. 277). Nurses are not allowed to challenge any of the surgeons decisions but just to follow instructions as the surgeons finish the patients operations within short periods and then leave the nurses to carry out nursing care of the patient (Fritz, 2008, p. 82). Besides being a clear generalization, assumption, deliberate or unintentional underrating of the nurses profession, it is a clear indicator of torn delineations that lacks clear outlining for harmonious operations (Bessie Huston, 2008, pp. 752-753).Nurses are therefore required to assume their major activities when they are away irrespective of the main reason (Ruth Constance, 2008, p. 40). With lack of proper institution for defining the boundaries, the nurses are consumed in their calm built nature of service towards humanity (Colyer, 2004, pp. 408-104) .Using strong legislative framework and policy guidelines, nursing should be guarded like other professions and define the required relationship with the doctors in their areas of work (Bridgit, 2008, p. 569). When there is a criss crossings violations by doctor intrusions they allow do but wont empower you. Surface icing doctors may need AMO/Nurses helps but in reality they dont allow the AMO/Nurses to practice outside making the AMO/Nurses only the tool of convenience .However If everybody wants their own border of practice, everything have to wait for the doctors thereby causing a mark increase of public complaints. Therefore care should now be multi-taskings and coordinating care . Why I do cross boundaries, I do for the following reasons :- Because I am facing the patients If I dont do the public will complaints Critical to do patient will do Sometimes expatriate doctor with questionable qualifications patients may die but if my mother or relatives I want them to do it correctly. What happen if I do then Patient recovered really well I will save reputations of the my hospital Pat on the back from the doctor however it not done openly However patient will not be happy . But what happen if there is a complications when I do it then I will be Trying to be smart Trying to be a doctor Model for crossings borders Counsellings deepressed patients suicidal Anne, M. (2008) Advanced Practice Nursing: Essential Knowledge for the Profession. New Jersey: Jones Bartlett Publishers Barbara, M. Lynn, K. (2008) Holistic Nursing: A Handbook for Practice. New Jersey: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Credentialing and Privileging? Available at : http://www.ashp.org/s_ashp/docs/files/SCSS_HowtoCredPrivdoc.pdf accessed 30 September 2010 Colyer, H. M .(2004) The Construction and Development of Health Professionals: where will it end?, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48 (4), pp. 406-412. Fritz, A. (2008) Physicians at War: The Dual-Loyalties Challenge. Miami: Springer Publishing Press. How To Document on Credentialing and Privileging Applications. Available at : http://www.ashp.org/s_ashp/docs/files/SCSS_HowtoCredPrivdoc.pdf accessed 30 September 2010 Medical Device Bureau Ministry of Health, Malaysia http://www.mdb.gov.my/mdb/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=62Itemid=113 Ruth, F. Constance, J. (2008) Fundamentals of Nursing: Human Health and Function. San Francisco: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Curci, Linda. (2004). Burnout. http://www.counseling.caltech.edu/articles/burnout.html. Life Positive. 2000. Stress at workplace. http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/psychology/stress/stress-at- work.asp#causesofworkplacestress